NC Physiographic Region(s): parts of mountains and western piedmont; limits of range unclear

River Basin(s): New, Hiwassee, upper Broad, upper Catawba, upper Yadkin-Pee Dee

Adult Habitat: “streams, usually in riffle areas” (Hobbs 1989); fast-flowing, clear water; fast-flowing, clear water; all substrates but mostly under rocks (larger crayfish under larger rocks); Atlantic slope animals: "restricted to small, shallow, swift streams with rubble and gravel substrates", Mountain animals: "larger, deeper streams with similar but rockier substrates" (Cooper, J.E. in Clamp 1999)

Juvenile Habitat: all substrates including stream centers under small rocks and along edges in debris

Reproductive Season: late summer, fall (?)

Species associates: many

Conservation status:  placed on North Carolina Watch List (W.F. Adams and J.E. Cooper in Clamp 1999); considered by Taylor et al. (1996) as a species of Special Concern (C. howardi (s.s.), which they indicated occurred only in Alabama and Georgia (Chattahoochee River basin)

Identification references: Hobbs Jr. and Hall 1969, Hobbs Jr. 1989, Hobbs Jr. 1991; also see description written by W.F. Adams and J.E. Cooper in Clamp (1999)

Taxonomic Description:

body shape: slightly dorsoventrally flattened
coloration:  variable, often with many colors but also in dull solid shades (carapace shades of brown, green, tan, blue, with reddish or magenta sutures, and some with saddle pattern and mottling (shades of reddish-brown or brown with cream); some powder blue all over; New and Hiwassee River Basin populations are green or greenish-brown and are smaller animals
spines: cervical spines absent but may be cervical tubercle(s); branchiostegal spines weak (if present); cephalic spine or tubercle weak or absent
rostrum: with subparallel margins, margins may be thickened; converging acuminately to apex but not abnormally long (somewhat squarish); no marginal spines, and corneous tubercle at apex; possibly excavate or ladel-like dorsally
areola: medium in width; bearing approx. 5 (deep) punctations across narrowest part
chelae: generally smooth and large; with one row of 5-7 adpressed tubercles along mesial margin of palm; moderately developed dorsolongitudinal ridges on fingers; slight pinch both dorsally and ventrally at base of fixed finger (similar to Puncticambarus subgenus); fingers may be gaping in large adults (particularly form I males); deep punctations on lateral margin of palm
other characteristics: suborbital angle acute or nearly so; tuberculate carapace
form I male gonopod: terminal elements short; corneous central projection truncated and with subapical notch; mesial process and central projections with space between them (like crescent wrench); mesial process bulbous and tapering but not necessarily to point – tip is flat/truncated and serrated