Where not explicitly cited, information was obtained from any of the following references, from open-file NC Wildlife Resources Commission reports and corresponding database, NCWRC collecting permit reports, via personal communication with J.E. Cooper, or via personal observation (A.H. Fullerton).
 

Adams, W. F. 1992. A report on the conservation status of North Carolina's freshwater and terrestrial crustacean fauna. The Scientific Council on Freshwater and Terrestrial Crustaceans: 1-41 and appendices.

Bouchard, R. W. 1974a. Geography and ecology of crayfishes of the Cumberland plateau and Cumberland mountains, Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. Part II. The genera Fallicambarus and Cambarus. Freshwater Crayfish 2: International Symposium on Freshwater Crayfish, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Bouchard, R. W. 1974b. Geography and ecology of crayfishes of the Cumberland plateau and Cumberland mountains, Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. Part I. The genera Procambarus and Orconectes. Freshwater Crayfish 2: International Symposium on Freshwater Crayfish, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Bouchard, R.W. 1978. Taxonomy, ecology and phylogeny of the subgenus Depressicambarus with the description of a new species from Florida and redescriptions of Cambarus graysoni, Cambarus latimanus, and Cambarus striatus (Decapoda: Cambaridae). Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History 3:27-60.

Clamp, J.C. (compiler). 1999.  A Report on the Conservation Status of North Carolina’s Freshwater and Terrestrial Crustracean Fauna.  Scientific Council on Freshwater and Terrestrial Crustaceans.  Open-file report, N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh.  (All crayfish accounts authored by J.E. Cooper and sometimes one of the following additional authors: W.F. Adams, W.O. McLarney, and C. McGrath.)

Cooper, J.E., and A.L. Braswell. 1995. Observations on North Carolina crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae). Brimleyana 22:87-132.

Cooper, J.E., and M.R. Cooper. 1995. A new species of crayfish of the genus Orconectes, subgenus Procericambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae), endemic to  the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico river basins, North Carolina. Brimleyana 23:65-87.

Cooper, J.E., A.L. Braswell, and C. McGrath. 1998. Noteworthy distributional records for crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Socity 114:1-10.

Cooper, J.E. 1998a (unpublished). Key to crayfishes of the Lumber-Little Pee Dee River basin, North Carolina, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences.

Cooper, J.E. 1998b. A new species of crayfish of the genus Procambarus, subgenus Ortmannicus (Decapoda: Cambaridae), from the Waccamaw River basin, North and South Carolina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111(1):81-91.

Cooper, J.E. 1999 (unpublished). Preliminary key to native crayfishes of the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico river basins, North Carolina, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences.

Cooper, J. E. 2000a. Cambarus (Cambarus) davidi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 113(2): 431-442.

Cooper, J. E. 2000b. A new species of crayfish of the genus Cambarus, subgenus Cambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae), from the Broad River Basin of North Carolina. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 116(1): 1-12.

Cooper, J. E. 2001. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) hobbsorum, a new crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 114(1): 152-161.

Cooper, John E., Curator of Crustaceans, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Crandall, K. 1995-2000. Listed and Candidate Species for the Federal Endangered Species List.    (or click here and surf to 'conservation')

Fullerton, A.H., and B.T. Watson. 2001. New distributional records for two nonindigenous and one native crayfish in North Carolina.  Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 117(1):66-70.

Hobbs Jr., H. H. 1969. On the distribution and phylogeny of the crayfish genus Cambarus. The Distributional History of the Biota of the Southern Appalachians. Part I: Invertebrates. P. C. Holt, R. L. Hoffman and C. W. Hart Jr. Blacksburg, Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute: 93-178.

Hobbs Jr., H. H, and E.T. Hall, Jr. 1969. New crayfishes from Georgia (Decapoda: Astacidae).  Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 82:281-294.

Hobbs, H.H. Jr. 1989. An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology no. 480. 236 pp.

Hobbs, H.H. Jr. 1991 (unpublished). Key to North Carolina crayfish.

Jezerinac, R.F., G.W. Stocker, and D.C. Tarter. 1995. The crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia. Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 10. 193 pp.

LeGrand, H.E., Jr., S.P. Hall, and J.T. Finnegan. 2001.  Natural Heritage Program list of the rare animal species of North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Raleigh, NC. 95 pp.

McGrath, C. 1994. Status survey for the Greensboro Burrowing Crayfish (Cambarus Depressicambarus catagius Hobbs and Perkins, 1967). Nongame Project Report for the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Nongame & Endangered Wildlife Program, NC Wildlife Resources Commission.

McGrath, C. 1998. Status survey for two crayfishes in the Hiwassee River Basin: Cambarus (Puncticambarus) hiwaseensis and Cambarus (P.) chaugaensis. Nongame Project Report.  Nongame & Endangered Wildlife Program, NC Wildlife Resources Commission.

McLarney, W. 0. 1993. Status of the crayfish Cambarus georgiae in the upper Little Tennessee watershed. Final report to Nongame Wildlife Program, N. C. Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh. Open-file report. 34 pp.

Natural Heritage Program (NHP) Invertebrate Characterization Abstracts (State of North Carolina) (ICAS). 1999. Printed from the Biological Conservation Database (BCD) by John Finnegan.

Perry, W.L. 1998. Ecological and genetic impact of a nonindigenous freshwater crayfish. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.

Smart Jr., G. C. 1962. The life history of the crayfish Cambarus longulus longulus. The American Midland Naturalist 68(1): 83-93+.

Taylor, C. A., M. L. Warren, Jr., J. F. Fitzpatrick, Jr., H. H. Hobbs III, R. F. Jezerinac, W.L. Pflieger, and H. W. Robison. 1996. Conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada. Fisheries 21(4):25-38.

Taylor, C. A. 2000.  Systematic studies of the Orconectes juvenilis complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae), with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology 20(1): 132-152.

Williams, C.E., and R.D. Bivens. 1996. An annotated list of crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Tennessee.  Open-file report (March 1996 draft), Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Talbott, Tennessee 37877.